(4 claims, no drawings) (Official Gazette)Ī SQUID-based magnetic susceptometer has been constructed for studying small radioactive samples at temperatures below 350 K and in magnetic fields up to 50 kilogauss. The sintered compact is then mechanically shaped into an elongated rod or wire form. Sintering the compact to a high density closes the matrix around the dispersed californium. The californium values are decomposed to californium oxide or metal by heating in an inert or reducing atmosphere. A solution of californium values is added to palladium metal powder, dried, blended and pressed into a compact having a uni-form distribution of californium. Albenesius, E.L.Ĭalifornium, as metal or oxide, is uniformly dispersed throughout a noble metal matrix, provided in compact, rod or wire form.
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An account of the discovery and reminiscences about the early work on californium has been given by Ghiorso (1983).Ĭalifornium-palladium metal neutron source materialĭahlen, B.L. The discovery of californium came only 2 months after the preparation and identification of the first isotope of berkelium, element 97 (see Chapter 10). This element was discovered by Thompson, Street, Ghiorso, and Seaborg (Hyde et al., 1971 Seaborg and Loveland, 1990) in February, 1950. Californium was named after the University and State of California where many of the transuranium elements were first identified. The discovery of the element californium, like many of the other actinide elements, hinged on the development of new experimental techniques in conjunction with predictions based on nuclear systematics.
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The discovery of californium came in the era of the syntheses and identifications of other transplutonium elements, following the end of World War II. Purification and handling of the highly radioactive californium material created additional challenges in the production of these sources.« less The ammonium acetate deposition was run with a current of 1.0 amp, resulting in a 91.5% deposition yield. The 252Cf material was initially purified using traditional ion exchange media, such as AG50-AHIB and AG50-HCl, and further purified using a TEVA-NH 4SCN system to remove any lanthanides, resulting in the recovery of 3.6 0.1 mg of purified 252Cf. This was the largest single electrodeposition of 252Cf ever prepared. Another deposition method, ammonium acetate, was used to produce a deposition containing 1.7 0.1 Ci of 252Cf onto a stainless steel substrate. After the source capsules were opened, the californium was purified and then electrodeposited using the isobutanol method onto thin titanium foils for use in an accelerator at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. These sources have decayed for over 30 years, thus providing material withmore » a very high 251Cf-to- 252Cf ratio.
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The californium material was recovered from aged 252Cf neutron sources in storage at ORNL. This neutron-rich isotope, 251Cf, provides target material for SHE research for the potential discovery of heavier isotopes of Z=118. A californium product that was decay enriched in 251Cf was recovered for use in super-heavy element (SHE) research. Californium Electrodepositions at Oak Ridge National LaboratoryĮlectrodepositions of californium isotopes were successfully performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during the past year involving two different types of deposition solutions, ammonium acetate (NH 4C 2H 3O 2) and isobutanol ((CH 3) 2CHCH 2OH).